|
Anthropometric
|
Group |
Male |
Female |
Group |
Male |
Female |
| Age (years) |
68.4 ± 8.7 |
66.8 ± 10.0 |
71.6 ± 4.4 |
70.6 ± 7.3 |
71.8 ± 7.3 |
67.6 ± 6.4 |
| Height (cm) |
169.3 ± 6.7 |
170.8 ± 7.9 |
166.4 ± 3.6 |
172.4 ± 7.7 |
175.5 ± 7.0c |
165.1 ± 3.2 |
| Mass (kg) |
79.0 ± 17.6 |
86.9 ± 15.7 |
63.1 ± 11.7 |
82.4 ± 12.6 |
87.1 ± 10.4c |
71.5 ± 11.4 |
| Posture (score /65) |
47.5 ± 7.4 |
45.2 ± 8.0 |
52.2 ± 4.4 |
46.9 ± 5.3 |
45.7 ± 5.2 |
49.8 ± 4.6b |
|
Physical
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Flexibility (cm) |
27.0 ± 6.4a |
24.4 ± 4.9b |
32.3 ± 6.7 |
17.9 ± 11.6 |
14.0 ± 11.7 |
27.1 ± 4.5c |
| Balance (s) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dominant leg eyes-open |
31.3 ± 16.9 |
30.5 ± 17.9 |
33.1 ± 18.5 |
30.3 ± 14.9 |
26.1 ± 15.3 |
40.1 ± 9.4 |
| Non-dominant leg eyes-open |
30.2 ± 15.8 |
28.7 ± 16.7 |
33.2 ± 17.0 |
31.1 ± 15.6 |
27.7 15.9 |
39.1 ± 12.7 |
| Dominant leg eyes-closed |
3.6 ± 2.6 |
3.9 ± 2.8 |
2.9 ± 2.6 |
4.0 ± 3.1 |
4.1 ± 3.7 |
3.7 ± 8.5 |
| Non-dominant leg eyes-closed |
4.4 ± 5.1 |
3.3 ± 2.8 |
6.7 ± 8.5 |
4.1 ± 3.1 |
3.9 ± 3.0 |
4.5 ± 3.6 |
| Back reach (cm) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dominant hand |
10.6 ± 11.7 |
15.4 ± 12.4 |
0.90 ± 2.0 |
16.6 ± 14.3 |
22.0 ± 13.3 |
3.9 ± 7.8b |
| Non-dominant hand |
21.1 ± 14.0 |
27.0 ± 13.4 |
9.4 ± 8.6 |
22.8 ± 15.5 |
28.5 ± 14.3 |
9.3 ± 9.5b |
| Grip strength (kg) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dominant hand |
34.5 ± 9.9 |
39.2 ± 9.1 |
24.9 ± 4.0 |
35.8 ± 8.7 |
40.2 ± 6.2c |
25.3 ± 3.1 |
| Non-dominant hand |
32.0 ± 10.2 |
36.9 ± 9.4 |
22.1 ± 3.0 |
34.1 ± 9.0 |
38.8 ± 6.5c |
23.2 ± 2.9 |
| Trunk isometric extension (s) |
117.2 ± 92a |
146.1 ± 105.2b |
59.3 ± 23.3 |
67.4 ± 63.6 |
65.2 ± 70.6 |
72.3 ± 50.6 |
| Timed up and go (s) |
6.4 ± 2.2a |
6.1 ± 0.88 |
6.8 ± 0.7 |
7.0 ± 1.0 |
7.1 ± 1.1 |
6.8 ± 0.7 |
| Sit to stand (total) |
14.5 ± 2.2a |
15.2 ± 2.0 |
13.2 ± 2.3 |
13.0 ± 2.2 |
13.1 ± 2.2 |
12.7 ± 2.5 |
| Six minute walk test (m) |
509.6 ± 57.5 |
511.5 ± 73.0 |
505.8 ± 19.3 |
489.3 ± 55.7 |
488.0 ± 61.1 |
492.3 ± 46.1 |
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